apostle confronts the whole church with a stirring call to rejoice in the Lord (see note on 3:1), followed by instruction in the practice of Christian virtues (vv. 5–9). The appeal to constant rejoicing (cf. 1 Thess. 5:16) is no empty phrase. To a company of Christ’s people, who were in doubt and fear (1:28) and set in the midst of a hostile world (2:15), this assurance rings out like a clarion call, and is repeated so that its message may not be misunderstood. Paul has the supreme qualification
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